Briefly introduce lithium bromide_JiangSu World Chemical

Briefly introduce lithium bromide

Sources：www.worldbrom.com | PublishDate：2025.09.09

Lithium bromide is an inorganic compound composed of alkali metal lithium (Li) and halogen bromine (Br). It appears as a white crystalline powder at room temperature, with core characteristics and applications focused on "strong hygroscopicity" and "low toxicity". It is a key material in the industrial field, especially in refrigeration. Its core information can be summarized as the following four points:
1. Basic physical and chemical properties
Solubility: Highly soluble in water, it releases a large amount of heat when dissolved, and the resulting aqueous solution (lithium bromide solution) is neutral or weakly alkaline; It is also soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether.
Moisture absorption: Strong moisture absorption is its core characteristic - even in low humidity environments, solid lithium bromide can absorb moisture from the air and deliquescence into a solution, so it needs to be stored in a sealed manner to avoid moisture absorption failure.
Toxicity and safety: It is low in toxicity (oral toxicity is much lower than other bromides), but inhalation of dust or contact with high concentration solutions on the skin may cause irritation. Basic protection should be taken in industrial use.
2. Core application: Lithium bromide absorption refrigeration
This is the main use of lithium bromide, which relies on the characteristics of the "water lithium bromide" working fluid to achieve refrigeration. The principle is:
Lithium bromide solution is heated in the generator, and the water evaporates into high-temperature steam;
Water vapor enters the condenser and condenses into liquid water (releasing heat);
Liquid water enters the evaporator after being depressurized by the throttle valve, absorbs surrounding heat and evaporates into low-temperature water vapor (achieving refrigeration);
The water vapor in the evaporator is strongly absorbed by the "concentrated lithium bromide solution" (from the generator, cooled by the absorber), and the solution becomes diluted before returning to the generator for recycling.
This technology is widely used in air conditioning and industrial refrigeration, especially suitable for utilizing waste heat, waste heat, or solar energy drive, with outstanding energy-saving performance.
3. Other industrial uses
Desiccant: Utilizing strong hygroscopicity, used for drying gases (such as hydrogen and oxygen) or dehydrating organic solvents;
In the field of medicine: as an auxiliary ingredient for sedatives, anticonvulsants, or for the preparation of other lithium salt drugs;
Battery materials: a litter amount used as electrolyte additives for lithium-ion batteries to improve battery conductivity and stability;
Photography and metalworking: formerly used as film developer or as a flux for metal welding.
4. Preparation and storage
Preparation: In industry, it is mainly prepared by reacting lithium carbonate (Li ₂ CO3) with hydrobromic acid (HBr), and the finished product is obtained after concentration, crystallization, and drying;
Storage: It should be sealed in a dry container, isolated from air and moisture, and avoid deliquescence; During transportation, it is necessary to prevent moisture and impact, and to prevent packaging damage from causing moisture absorption.

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